Phonological glossary
adapted from a 8 May 1997 post by Mark P. Line
Daniel Boese wrote:
Mark P. Line wrote:
>clear voiced vowels
>pharyngealized vowels
>breathy vowels
>voiceless vowels
>uvular trill
>unreleased bidental stop
>exolabial sibilants, voiced & voiceless
>exolabial laterals, voiced & voiceless
Now all I have to do is figure out what "pharyngealized" means, as well
as all the rest - the only definitions for vowels I know of use height,
frontness, roundedness, length, nasalization, and tenseness; and a
similar set for consonants. Or, some kind person on the list could do me
a great favour and concede to give an explanation of both the
individual words describing, and the actual sounds described, above... :)
I made up the term "exolabial", intended to mean the point of
articulation is "outside the lips", and also the term "bidental",
referring to articulation with both upper and lower teeth.
>From Kenneth L. Pike, Phonemics:
- articulator: A movable part of the vocal organs which impedes or
directs the air stream.
- backing: The backward movement of the tongue during the
production of
some sound, or the acoustic effect of a sound produced by such a
movement.
- breathed sound: A sound which is pronounced with a light air stream
with no strong friction in the throat or at the vocal cords.
- fricative: A sound during which friction can be heard and
identified
at some point of articulation.
- glottal: Involving articulation at the glottis.
- glottis: The opening between the vocal cords.
- lateral air escape: With air passing over the sides of the
tongue but
not over the tip.
- pharyngealization: The modification of some sound by a
constriction of
the pharynx, especially by the backing of the root of the tongue towards
the back of the throat.
- pharynx: The throat, including glottal closure but excluding velic
closure and uvular closure.
- release: The opening of a passageway or releasing of some
articulator.
- root of tongue: That part of the tongue which faces the back
wall of
the throat.
- sibilant: A fricative sound of a hissing type formed by a grooved
tongue position.
- stop: A sound during which the air stream is completely
interrupted.
- trill: A repeated, rapid, automatic opening and closing of some
passage way.
- uvular: With articulation at the uvula.
- uvula: The fleshy lobe hanging from the back part of the soft
palate.
- velic: The nasal side of the soft palate.
- velum: The soft palate.
- vocal cords: The folds of membrane which project into the larynx
and
which by vibrating cause voice.
- voice: The sound produced by the vibration of the vocal cords.
- voiceless: Without vibration of the vocal cords. [Applicable to
vowels
as well as consonants. -mpl]
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Copyright © 1997, Maurizio M. Gavioli,
Last updated: 14 Oct., 1997